"But a study by Mr. Wadhwa and other academics found that 34 percent of repats found it difficult to return to India--compared to just 13 percent of Indian immigrants who found it difficult to settle in the United States."
Because Mr. Wadhwa is the one who usually writes articles about how more and more international students who study in the United States will return to their countries of birth, this finding is important. Two things are going on here:
1) The United States, because of its historical pattern of settlement by recent immigrants from a variety of countries, really is easier to blend into for a new immigrant than are many other countries that also have friendly natives, developed economies, and reasonably transparent governance.
2) REVERSE culture shock is usually rougher on a returning expatriate than the original culture shock of leaving the native country. I say this as an American who studied Chinese as an undergraduate, lived abroad in Taiwan (with visits to Hong Kong and China) in the 1980s for three years, and then returned to the United States. Then I went over to Taiwan once more for another three-year stay beginning in 1998. It has always been more unsettling to my established assumptions to return to my "home" country after a stay abroad than to go abroad in the first place. When a person goes abroad, sure there are problems with culture shock, wherever you go, but the psychological inner dialog takes the form of "Of course this is weird; I'm in a foreign country." But upon returning "home," after a long and locally connected stay abroad, the inner dialog becomes "Hey, I thought I was coming back home, but now everything feels weird here too." People aren't always sure where "home" is if they have sunk down enough roots in the foreign culture. As G. K. Chesterton wrote, "The whole object of travel is not to set foot on foreign land; it is at last to set foot on one's own country as a foreign land." A long enough foreign stay will do that to one's mind.
Because Mr. Wadhwa is the one who usually writes articles about how more and more international students who study in the United States will return to their countries of birth, this finding is important. Two things are going on here:
1) The United States, because of its historical pattern of settlement by recent immigrants from a variety of countries, really is easier to blend into for a new immigrant than are many other countries that also have friendly natives, developed economies, and reasonably transparent governance.
2) REVERSE culture shock is usually rougher on a returning expatriate than the original culture shock of leaving the native country. I say this as an American who studied Chinese as an undergraduate, lived abroad in Taiwan (with visits to Hong Kong and China) in the 1980s for three years, and then returned to the United States. Then I went over to Taiwan once more for another three-year stay beginning in 1998. It has always been more unsettling to my established assumptions to return to my "home" country after a stay abroad than to go abroad in the first place. When a person goes abroad, sure there are problems with culture shock, wherever you go, but the psychological inner dialog takes the form of "Of course this is weird; I'm in a foreign country." But upon returning "home," after a long and locally connected stay abroad, the inner dialog becomes "Hey, I thought I was coming back home, but now everything feels weird here too." People aren't always sure where "home" is if they have sunk down enough roots in the foreign culture. As G. K. Chesterton wrote, "The whole object of travel is not to set foot on foreign land; it is at last to set foot on one's own country as a foreign land." A long enough foreign stay will do that to one's mind.