The difference is that in Matlab, 1 + j is valid as a complex literal and equal to 1 + 1j. In Python it is never valid to write j as an implicit 1j, so this particular bug (a correctly working function stops working because you've put a new name into scope) can't arise.

The use of j is common in electrical engineering, where i denotes current.

Electrical engineers use j instead of i to distinguish it from current (that is commonly referenced by i).

Whereas physicists use capital I for current. (And J for the current density.)

I have seen j for current density only so far. But physics are convinced you can tell the difference by context (which is usually true, but probably impossible for a compiler, even if physics is "typed" with units). For handwritten text at least my professors managed to come up with at least two different ways to write each letter to avoid confusion. My (not serious) attempts to use Chinese characters haven't been very successful.

It won't lead to the bug: `j` has no connection to `1j`.

The bug described in the article is impossible in Python (and probably in most other programming languages with native support for complex numbers) because `1j` is not a valid identifier.

j is the abbreviation used by some disciplines; see the third paragraph of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_unit .