These are ~1 layer removed, but it shook me from an epistemological perspective. Basically it destroys the idea of metaphysical truth.
I'll start with the easy one that was written in native English, William James's Pragmatism. Its only 4 hours long, and teaches 1 of the 3 branches of metaphilosophy(Pragmatic). For ROI in philosophy, it doesn't get better than this. It teaches one of the 3 theories of Truth.
Next is significantly more difficult, but everyone only understands 10% of Wittgenstein. Read both early and late Wittgenstein. If I remember correctly, its ~12 hours of pain as you will barely understand him. However, it shakes foundations of math and science as you will find these are mere constructs of language. This will also teach you 1 of the 3 branches of metaphilosophy(Analytical), and teach you how language works. You really need to read both early and late. But I imagine reading early Wittgenstein will convince you to read late. Its super painful, but you should deal with the pain.
(the remaining branch of philosophy is Continental... that takes a long time to learn, but its mostly nonsensical rebuttals to Plato, take it from someone who read this for 8 years...)
Bayesian epistemology with priors have always been problematic since if there were no constraints on prior beliefs than anything goes. But in order to constrain the priors you need to know the distribution to calculate probabilities.
This i very much disagree with. Your username already hinted at your pov ;-)
As Nassim Taleb (a good marketer of himself!) points out in his works; the ancient philosophers (western or eastern) had gotten a lot (all?) about Life right.
There is a reason not even Continentals use ancient thoughts anymore.
But at least read Wittgenstein.
If you want a complete destruction of ancients and pre 1800s thought, Rorty has Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Its incredibly boring and teaches you nothing except that these ancients having incorrect understanding of language, psychology, and metaphysics, caused them to make grave mistakes.
> these ancients having incorrect understanding of language, psychology, and metaphysics, caused them to make grave mistakes
That is absolutely and staggeringly wrong.
It maybe the case with some of the ancient Western Philosophies (objective, analytical), but certainly not the case with Eastern Philosophies (subjective, experiential). "Human Condition" has not changed but only the context in which it is experienced and expressed has changed.
Read at least the three schools of Indian Philosophy i mentioned above. S.N.Dasgupta's multi-volume A History of Indian Philosophy gives a very good non-trivial starting point for the serious reader.
I'll start with the easy one that was written in native English, William James's Pragmatism. Its only 4 hours long, and teaches 1 of the 3 branches of metaphilosophy(Pragmatic). For ROI in philosophy, it doesn't get better than this. It teaches one of the 3 theories of Truth.
Next is significantly more difficult, but everyone only understands 10% of Wittgenstein. Read both early and late Wittgenstein. If I remember correctly, its ~12 hours of pain as you will barely understand him. However, it shakes foundations of math and science as you will find these are mere constructs of language. This will also teach you 1 of the 3 branches of metaphilosophy(Analytical), and teach you how language works. You really need to read both early and late. But I imagine reading early Wittgenstein will convince you to read late. Its super painful, but you should deal with the pain.
(the remaining branch of philosophy is Continental... that takes a long time to learn, but its mostly nonsensical rebuttals to Plato, take it from someone who read this for 8 years...)
Regarding that initial thought on the Problem of Priors, here is a quick youtube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xy6xXEhbGa0