No, they’re not. macOS is a fully-functional Unix environment, and apple has been as welcoming towards Asahi as they can be while staying officially 100% divorced from all activity related to it (Asahi has seen apple do releases with enabling work for the bootloader that had no possible purpose other than enabling third-party OS).
Out of the box it is not. As root I can't read or write files that the permissions say I can, among other problems. It is still possible to disable all this but they make it more and more difficult.
If I were to bet, I'd bet that the roadmap is to eventually make OSX be iOS, where you can't do anything except what apple specifically lets you do.
