┌───────────────────────────┬───────────────┬────────────────────┐
│Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├───────────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────────┤
│getaddrinfo() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe env locale │
├───────────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────────┤
│freeaddrinfo(), │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
│gai_strerror() │ │ │
└───────────────────────────┴───────────────┴────────────────────┘
MT-Safe
MT-Safe or Thread-Safe functions are safe to call in the
presence of other threads. MT, in MT-Safe, stands for
Multi Thread.
Being MT-Safe does not imply a function is atomic, nor
that it uses any of the memory synchronization mechanisms
POSIX exposes to users. It is even possible that calling
MT-Safe functions in sequence does not yield an MT-Safe
combination. For example, having a thread call two MT-
Safe functions one right after the other does not
guarantee behavior equivalent to atomic execution of a
combination of both functions, since concurrent calls in
other threads may interfere in a destructive way.
Whole-program optimizations that could inline functions
across library interfaces may expose unsafe reordering,
and so performing inlining across the GNU C Library
interface is not recommended. The documented MT-Safety
status is not guaranteed under whole-program optimization.
However, functions defined in user-visible headers are
designed to be safe for inlining.
Other safety remarks
Additional keywords may be attached to functions, indicating
features that do not make a function unsafe to call, but that may
need to be taken into account in certain classes of programs:
locale Functions annotated with locale as an MT-Safety issue read
from the locale object without any form of
synchronization. Functions annotated with locale called
concurrently with locale changes may behave in ways that
do not correspond to any of the locales active during
their execution, but an unpredictable mix thereof.
We do not mark these functions as MT-Unsafe, however,
because functions that modify the locale object are marked
with const:locale and regarded as unsafe. Being unsafe,
the latter are not to be called when multiple threads are
running or asynchronous signals are enabled, and so the
locale can be considered effectively constant in these
contexts, which makes the former safe.
env Functions marked with env as an MT-Safety issue access the
environment with getenv(3) or similar, without any guards
to ensure safety in the presence of concurrent
modifications.
We do not mark these functions as MT-Unsafe, however,
because functions that modify the environment are all
marked with const:env and regarded as unsafe. Being
unsafe, the latter are not to be called when multiple
threads are running or asynchronous signals are enabled,
and so the environment can be considered effectively
constant in these contexts, which makes the former safe.
Yes, I talk about that table in a deeper comment. Note to other readers, the table itself is in getaddrinfo(3) but the explanation of the elements is in attributes(7).