USA could have harpooned the balloon at worst to puncture it or attach some load. Or, it could have used one or other methods to reduce the destruction of Balloon.
(For ex: puncture it with a precision Laser etc)
Firing it with a missile made the debris to spread
over 10km radius. Now they are painfully collecting
the debris. And now they say, "we will study the debris!"
Any reason why was it destructively shot down?
Further, USA action shows, nearly no military has a device
to safely bring down a man-made object floating in sky at 20km altitude.
Agree, shooting a competitor's object has a subtle message.
Also, shooting a defenseless object is a no show of strength.
(If USA does not have such a technology, it is unlikely others have it or thought of it.)