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Why we’ve decided to decommission Gov.uk PaaS (gds.blog.gov.uk)
133 points by jpswade on July 12, 2022 | hide | past | favorite | 153 comments


The June 2021 assessment [0] of the service notes that "the team will never be able to fully recoup their cost through a recharge model so will need to rely on centrally provided funding. This poses an important risk to the longevity of the product, as it is *dependent on political buy-in and budget from the Treasury*".

[0] https://www.gov.uk/service-standard-reports/gov-dot-uk-platf...


A pathetic example of the ideological myopia that plagues Europe these days. States have provided services to their inhabitants since prehistory, and the notion that this infrastructure does not need financing is as healthy as a corporation that thinks it does not need to invest to succeed. At best, this strategy of living off of investments made by previous generations is doomed to underperform compared to states that take an active role in their own development.


We don’t even have to zoom in on Europe. In the US, it’s quite common for folks to expect public services (like public transit or even the USPS) to be profitable. Which means these services don’t get the investment they really need.


If it was providing a service of as much value as was being spent on it, then why shouldn't it be profitable?


Having a profit motive drives a behavior of raising prices as high as the market will bear. That inherently excludes citizens who cannot afford to pay the “most efficient” price, who are often the ones who need the service the most (e.g. busses and other public transport). That reduces the ability for society to operate as a whole. If someone can’t afford to get to school, or to an entry-level job, how will they ever be able to move up in skills and pay? Who will the high-end electronic store sell their products to if people can’t afford them?

Municipal services are meant to serve as many citizens as possible, not to extract as much profit as possible, because it’s an overall benefit to everyone.


Public services are profitable. You just need to look at the systemic effects of having the services available instead of just dollar signs

Just looking at money is incredibly short sighted and naïve


> If it was providing a service of as much value as was being spent on it, then why shouldn't it be profitable?

The entire point of a public service is that benefits accrue to people other than the direct consumers of the service.


What percentage of US taxpayer money should go to subsidize money-losing services?


An amount equal to the external utility of the services.


As much as necessary.


I don't know if this is a European wide problem or just a UK one.


Definitely applies to Germany. Our infrastructure is deeply fucked and we missed all the chances to innovate after 16 years of conservative rule, but the balance sheets look nice though.


It certainly seems worst in the UK.


> compared to states that take an active role in their own development.

I'm not sure I follow your argument. Which non-European states do you think do this well?


Probably the Moon colony around year 2150.


China


I was the first user of the GOV.UK PaaS for a production service - GOV.UK Trade Tariff [0]. It's unfortunate that it has come to this, and as others have pointed out, the blog doesn't instil confidence about using other GDS services in the future.

Procurement in government is painfully slow, and that's one thing that the PaaS excelled at, all departments could get set up immediately.

I hope when making their financial assessment, they included the saving that all departments using the PaaS are making not in infrastructure but ops. Each service will increase ops spending; there isn't a comparable managed platform for UK GOV services, so each service will have to increase its devops support costs. I've used Google Cloud Run and AWS Copilot, and both are far from stable enough, in my opinion, for production use.

My only hope is that they revisit this decision, but it seems likely we'll have to move the services we manage off.

[0] https://www.ukauthority.com/articles/trade-tariff-moves-to-g...


I've used the GOV.UK PaaS since the private beta. I was a user research subject and gave early feedback. I've used it on multiple projects since.

As with Notify, the Design System, and all the other great tools that GDS produces, the PaaS is an absolute joy to use. Think Heroku, but built on top of FOSS, and with everything you could want to help you build the long tail of cookie cutter form or API-based government services.

It's a damn shame GDS killed it.

It's even worse they did so without providing a clear migration path. That sends a very bad message to other departments: GDS will kill things you depend on. They will also leave you high and dry when they do so. So don't depend on or adopt their tools. "Not invented here" has always been a problem in the UK government, this news only makes it worse.

Colleagues of mine have staked their reputation on the line to convince legacy IT to let us use the PaaS instead of their own home-grown, poorly documented, and unsatisfactory solutions. Now, we look like fools.

I love working in government. I love building accessible, robust, and user-centred services.

I don't love: writing IAM policies, learning about what a "service principal" is, naming resource groups, having to open a support ticket to change an environment variable, having my password expire in the middle of an incident when I want to read logs, or spending more than £50 a month of taxpayer money for a monolith with a database and a Redis. I had to do none of those on the PaaS.

RIP.


Agree, I'm not sure how they can say with a straight face that people should use the other new forms services they are launching. If that is not profitable will it just be shut down in a few years too?


I am wondering if there are political force behind it, that big Cloud Provider wants the Government to shut down their own PaaS.


PaaS ran on AWS anyway, so it wouldn't be Amazon (I would guess? Unless they think they can charge more/upsell by departments procuring directly from them). Perhaps Google or MS were upset that by PaaS running atop AWS, AWS became the de facto 'official' cloud service for government?


I think it has to be intentional, but if not it’s still funny :)

> ”Over the same period departments have built better and more expert in-house cloud engineering capability, and are (broadly) clustering around a Kubernetes based architecture.”*


Another Cloud foundry based platform moving on to Kubernetes. Perhaps https://github.com/cloudfoundry/cf-for-k8s can provide a simple migration path..


Have you seen Korifi? https://github.com/cloudfoundry/korifi

This is the one I expect to become the primary CF product on k8s


Ah, another one! On the other hand, if you've already containerized your app and are not using buildpacks, the switch to Kubernetes should be fairly easy. Thanks for the link, will check.


They mention a handful of services like GOV.UK Notify, GOV.UK Pay, the GOV.UK Design System, the Prototype Kit, and the new GOV.UK Forms product.

Is anyone able to clarify whether these things are collectively referred to or considered part of the Gov.uk PaaS offering (and therefore will all be decomissioned) or not? It wasn't clear to me from the article and I'm not otherwise familiar.


My understanding is those are services various government departments can make use of. Notify being to send notifications to people, Pay to take payments, etc. These are basically SaaS offerings from GDS to over government departments.

The GOV.UK PaaS is a hosting platform for other government departments to host their own software in the GOV.UK managed platform (like a Heroku kind of thing).

They're investing more in their SaaS services (Notify, Pay, Forms, Prototyping Kit, etc) and deprecating their PaaS offering in favour of Kubernetes, which looks like it may be offered as a managed service for government departments to use. It reads to me like more of a v2 of the PaaS but it'll now be kube based rather than whatever homegrown thing it is at the moment.

Edit: as tnwhitwell pointed out below, the PaaS being deprecated uses CloudFoundry and isn't homegrown.


Just a small correction, it’s not a homegrown thing, but a CloudFoundry deployment with a bunch of tooling around it


Ah yes I missed that bit, thanks for the correction.


They're not, no. Think of PaaS as like Heroku, whereas Notify us more like Sendgrid (ie a SaaS) and DesignSysten is like MaterialUI.

Most services are not using PaaS, but are deployed onto AWS or Azure and integrate with other services (notably Notify) via APIs.


Notify, Pay, Design System, Prototype Kit and Forms are unaffected by this news.


I think the PaaS does not include them; it's the service for hosting a service.[1]

[1] https://www.cloud.service.gov.uk/


Those were originally part of the GaaP (Government as a Platform) programme. The PaaS is explicitly just the Cloud Foundry-based deployment platform.


We use GovPaas for a few things. GovPaas provides the platform which we deploy our applications onto (under the hood it's Cloud Foundry).

It is incredibly cheap for our use cases (as it turns out, unsustainably so for the team who provide it!). Our interpretation of this news is that we will need to migrate away to another platform.


No PaaS is only the hosting


Key paragraph: "In parallel, we are starting a piece of joint work with the Central Digital & Data Office, in partnership with Chief Technology Officers (CTOs) across government, to understand what a future central hosting offer could or should be. We don’t know what we’ll conclude, the options ranging from doing nothing, to creating a reusable set of configuration and management components (similar to the GOV.UK Design System, but for secure cloud hosting) all the way through to building a new PaaS v2 using different architecture."


You'd think that this is something that would have be done before announcing the decommissioning in 18 months.


Indeed. Perhaps the purpose of this message was to let all the projects know they get no advice but a permission and freedom to migrate anywhere. After a while, there may not be anyone to use a PaaS v2 anymore.


Something which won't exactly inspire confidence for any similar attempts in the future


I don't get it, are they saying that public organizations should move to using AWS/Azure/GCP?


In a way, it could be interpreted like that.

It's another way of saying "maintaining infrastructure isn't a task of a public service." Generally, the "why/why not" tends to be answered with: "A public services can never provide a similar value proposition compared to private vendors." which isn't really an answer to the question.

One problematic aspect is that public entities don't just rely on infrastructure, but also on an entire stack of in-house expertise that provides support and understands the specifics that come with the problem domain - e.g. legal compliance, accountability,... - of providing public services online.

So, barring an alternative, this would effectively mean that public services would have to source consultancy themselves on the private market to set up / maintain their applications on a private cloud on a per-project basis. Both of which are easily a factor more expensive compared to a shared platform / framework / solution where resources and expertise can be pooled together to provide affordable and secure services towards other branches of the authorities.

Oddly enough, they seem to be all to aware of that conundrum:

> In parallel, we are starting a piece of joint work with the Central Digital & Data Office, in partnership with Chief Technology Officers (CTOs) across government, to understand what a future central hosting offer could or should be. We don’t know what we’ll conclude, the options ranging from doing nothing, to creating a reusable set of configuration and management components (similar to the GOV.UK Design System, but for secure cloud hosting) all the way through to building a new PaaS v2 using different architecture.

Personally, I believe this is a decision based on cost. The cost of keeping centralized hosting infrastructure based on old technology online, or migrating towards new technology, is just too steep and can't be readily justified anymore in 2022 compared to what the private market offers. Perhaps most surprisingly: there's no clear short-term plan B for all those entities relying on this service.

If I were managing a few projects from some department, I wouldn't be happy learning that I'd now have 18 months to scramble, figure out how to move forward, find funds, write a project proposal, align all stakeholders, source consultancy, etc. without going offline for a prolonged time.


Given they charged a markup on AWS costs, I find that it's weird they did not manage to at least break even. Other departments switching to running on their own cloud account rather than use the PaaS could be the main reason, and that's partly due to the PaaS/Cloud foundry stagnating.


No, not at all. They released services and software to make integrations easier on these platforms but the toolset is becoming stale and more effort goes into k8s (on several different clouds, depending on project)


Well they sort of do already. There are armies of consultancies queuing up to provide packaged solutions far above the cloud infra level solutions abstractions that GDS offer. Those guys use commercial clouds.


I wish this were spread to other government IT things.

The NHS uses a patchwork of different systems. Why should every hospital have to sort out its own IT needs. Let the NHS do NHS things and have an IT branch providing standardised software for everyone.


Large government IT projects end up being done by companies expert in extracting as much cash from the government as possible. The end result is the product doesn't work properly and is massively over budget. Then the government is forced to hand over even more money to redesign bits to work better.

The government has been bitten by this many times, so now shys away from big IT systems. Instead every department has to build its own, usually with lots of Excel sheets and macros involved.


The move at the moment is for central orgs to specify standards and protocols so it doesn't matter who implements them and the delegated authorities can buy from whoever. That goes some way to preventing both one-big-vendor setups and unstandardised fragmentation, and it was blindingly obvious to anyone who's ever implemented more than a bash script that it was the correct approach even 20 years ago. Only it's taken a generation of civil servants ageing out at the top end to make it happen.


This is largely what Connecting for Health attempted, and the only good things that came out of it were intangible to most - N3 and the UK SNOMED extensions.

Unfortunately this was largely down to incompetent consultancies, and a focus on providing what management wanted rather than what clinicians wanted, and it has absolutely poisoned the well with regards to information technology in the NHS.


i was unable to update my driving licence for the best part of a year because of some (still unknown) internal issue.

i hope they have better luck bringing back up a degraded/read-only etcd service after a power cut.

unrelated - i guess i have some real contempt for the current deployment stack meta :/


DVLA systems seem to be an absolute mess, and many public-facing systems are still using the DirectGov styling (which was replaced by GOV.UK in 2012). A lot of their services are completely unavailable overnight from 7pm-7am. So if you sell a vehicle on the last day of the month and go to register the sale after 7pm, bad luck - you're getting charged another month of vehicle tax.


> We also need to operate with a growth mindset in GDS

Is it just me or is it weird to see "startup speak" from gov agencies?


That's not startup speak it's "business consultancy" speak and the UK goverment loves to hire business consultants to tell the uk civil service how to work.


Also though... the actual content, why? Why does GDS need to operate with a "growth mindset"?


They qualify their usage of business-speak:

> Our growth strategy is obviously not about making profit, but we are a small team at the centre of government and we need to make sure our people and our money are focused on services that have the biggest reach and the most impact.

It's not quite Fry and Laurie yet. "Oh, you have shares in the Royal Family?" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLfghLQE3F4


Cynically it can be seen as part of the war on introversion.

Consultancies rebadged introverts as having a "fixed mindset" and extroverts as having a "growth mindset" and then labelled having a fixed mindset as a terrible thing.

But that criticism is demonstration of a "fixed mindset" and therefore should be discarded and should be ignored.

That's the cynical take. The less cynical take is that having an open mind helps businesses and services adapt to their needs.


It's not clear to me how "growth mindset" equates to "having an open mind".


It is however desirable to see compared to what came before.


[flagged]


GOV.UK PaaS always ran on top of AWS (though in UK and Ireland regions), so it's always been dependent on a US company anyway


> so it's always been dependent on a US company anyway

I'm not sure large multinational corporations belong to any specific country at this point.


One thing that became extremely clear after anti-Russian sanctions were imposed is that multinational corporations absolutely belong to specific country or set of countries.

Putting government websites and services on AWS or Azure pretty much precludes independent foreign or domestic policy. It's ok now (UK and US are pretty tight) but things/alliances change and in 20 or 30 years it could become huge problem.


> One thing that became extremely clear after anti-Russian sanctions were imposed is that multinational corporations absolutely belong to specific country or set of countries.

"Set of countries", aka economy yes, "single country" no. If every nation except the US allied with Russia over Ukraine, I'm not so sure McDonald's would have pulled out of Russia.


US can force Microsoft or Google to pull out of UK in the same way Russian government can force Gazprom to stop selling gas to Germany. Again it's unlikely in current geopolitical situation but imagine that fascists or communists come to power in US (both are non zero probability). If there is one thing that history teaches us is that alliances are unstable.

Also US can easily force McDonalds to pull out of Russia - CEO and leadership live in US and have to comply with US sanctions unless they want to pull Lavabit or spend time in jail.


If anything, they belong to the governments that offer the best tax rates and least liability. For FAANG, this often means the Ireland + Netherlands.


should be:

I'm sure specific country belongs to large multinational corporation at this point.

There, fixed it for you :)


Is there any Europe-based PaaS currently operating, that are noteworthy? Most companies seems to be US-based.


Scalingo https://scalingo.com is basically a french Heroku-compatible PaaS based on a reliable french IaaS (Outscale, cloud subsidiary of Dassault Systemes, the famous maker of Catia, Solidworkds, etc)


Lidl (germany supermarket company) backed STACKIT?

https://www.stackit.de/en/cloud/products-services/


There's https://scalingo.com/ Works well.


I understand the intent of the question, but in this case a UK-based alternative would be preferable, not just a European alternative. The UK is more likely to find itself at odds with France than the U.S.

That thought reminds me of a conversation in an episode of Yes Prime Minister:

> Hacker: I sometimes wonder why we need the [nuclear] weapons.

> Sir Humphrey: Minister! You're not a unilateralist?

> Hacker: I sometimes wonder, you know.

> Sir Humphrey: Well, then, you must resign from the government!

> Hacker: Ah, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. I'm not that unilateralist! Anyway, the Americans will always protect us from the Russians, won't they?

> Sir Humphrey: Russians? Who's talking about the Russians?

> Hacker: Well, the independent deterrent.

> Sir Humphrey: It's to protect us against the French!


> but in this case a UK-based alternative would be preferable

For you maybe, but not for me :) I just took advantage of the threat to ask a slightly unrelated question (although parent mentioned Ireland as well, so maybe slightly on topic at least)


Platform.sh is another (employee here). We're a French PaaS and DevOps platform. So we provide hosting, but also every bit of operations needed to provision infrastructure and true staging environments for every pull request/branch with just a `git branch`. We work with Azure, GCP, AWS for 9+ regions across the globe, many of those in Europe. This has allowed us to also provide the backend for OVHCloud's WebPaaS (https://www.ovhcloud.com/en-gb/web-paas/) behind-the-scenes.


Memset is based in the UK. Used them a few years back, but I'm afraid we moved to AWS after a few too many reliability issues.


"Europe based": yes, we are french.

"Currently operating": yes, steadily, for seven years now.

"Noteworthy": yes, I really hope we are, at least, we have been quite newsworthy recently

"Most companies seems to be US-based": well, we have US employees and we are running on top of US based companies infrastructure, amongst others.

o/

--

platform.sh


"If I sign up to your service and deploy stuff to one of your Europe-based data centers, will my data ever land on a US-based company's servers?" [______]

Edit: Apparently not! Didn't even have to sign up to the service (just loaded the landing page) and my data ended up on some US-based (Google) entity's servers (fonts.googleapis.com).

Looks like a nice platform, unfortunately doesn't seem too privacy-aware so gonna have to find something else.


It will. As long as the company does business in the us then american governmenet can force access to data hosted somewhere else. They did it in the past theyll do it again


Yandex, I guess.

You also have a variety of smaller providers hosting OpenStack, which gives you some platformy services.


If you count Russia to be European, which is debatable from both a cultural and a geographical perspective. Yandex only has one data center outside of Russia/definitely in Europe, and last I heard, they needed 600,000€ worth of diesel per day to keep it running.


Russia is definitely not European from business perspective; it’s closer to North Korea now.


There's Scaleway that provide managed Kubernetes and also "serverless" (containers or functions as a service, based on Knative).


Is OVH a PaaS?


If Managed Kubernetes counts as a PaaS, maybe? https://www.ovhcloud.com/en-gb/public-cloud/kubernetes/


Well they have many offerings one of which is a PaaS https://www.ovhcloud.com/en-ie/web-paas/


I feel the biggest PaaS offerrings in Europe are internal deployments within the enterprise!


Little bit of a stretch to go from "UK government website will use AWS" to conclude that "European public sector will be completely dependent on US"


Don't feel bad. Europeans have a much better work-life balance. Plenty of parental leave. A culture that prioritizes life outside the office. Six weeks of guaranteed vacation that people actually take. Etc.

Those things have a price. Namely, when people work less, less innovation happens, which means less productivity growth happens, which means less innovation happens, and so on. I lived in Germany for two years. I absolutely loved it. However, despite its reputation, it's not a place that I would say prioritizes work (compared to the U.S.)


> Namely, when people work less, less innovation happens, which means less productivity growth happens, which means less innovation happens, and so on.

That's quite a stretch. Ask any engineer about having that a-ha moment in the shower, or when out for a walk. Downtime is incredibly important for mentally intense work. Work smarter, not harder and all that. Productivity isn't tied to time spent in office - my experience with american offices is that they encourage people to hang around, spend time there with meals, etc. That's not productive time, that's time spent in the office. Similarly, innovation doesn't come from time in the office, it comes from collaboration, experience, thinking outside the box.

> However, despite its reputation, it's not a place that I would say prioritizes work (compared to the U.S.)

I don't think this is a fair statement. The US prioritizes butts-in-seats, workplaces where you're competing against your peers, system where the power imbalance between an employee and employer is heavily stacked in favour of the employer. That doesn't mean that the US prioritizes work., and it definitely doesn't mean that Germany doesn't prioritize work.


> That's quite a stretch. Ask any engineer about having that a-ha moment in the shower, or when out for a walk. Downtime is incredibly important for mentally intense work.

I agree but I think you’ll find that working usually contributes economic value. Not working usually doesn’t. The key word being usually. if you’re in doubt, just try to record the economic value delivered by your downtime. How many hours are idled for every a-ha moment? Not that there is anything wrong with idling…

> That doesn't mean that the US prioritizes work., and it definitely doesn't mean that Germany doesn't prioritize work.

I’m using productivity as a measurement. Ideally, productivity accounts for inefficient work by comparing inputs (labor) to economic outputs. The U.S. is more productive in this sense, so it’s more than just butts in seats.


This is only true to an extent.

During WW1, the British "Health of Munition Workers' Committee" collected some fascinating data on production and working hours from armament factories. These were fairly motivated workers, doing semi-skilled manual tasks where you'd expect productivity to scale linearly with time on the job.

Moving from 25 hours/week to 30, 40, or 45 hours did lead to a proportional increase in output, but it then begins to plateau. Teams working 7x 10 hour shifts produced about as much as those working 8x6.

Check out the first few figures of Pencavel, J. (2014). The Productivity of Working Hours. The Economic Journal, 125(589), 2052–2076. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12166

Data collected from American workers during WW2 showed a similar pattern. I'd expect that "creative" work has an even smaller linear range, but I'm not aware of any studies.


> I’m using productivity as a measurement. Ideally, productivity accounts for inefficient work by comparing inputs (labor) to economic outputs. The U.S. is more productive in this sense, so it’s more than just butts in seats.

Actually, the differences are quite small and in 2017 Germany overtook the US in labour productivity: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/labor-productivity-per-ho...


That data is adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP). So in real dollars Germany did not overtake the US.


> I agree but I think you’ll find that working usually contributes economic value.

_Some_ people have to be "not working" in order to make use of all the other areas of the economy - shops, transport, leisure centres, clubs, nightlife, the arts, self-care (beauty, massage, counselling etc). That's a fairly large slice of the economic activity in many countries.


Sure, but they can’t spend more than they make, and they can’t make more than they produce. Obviously this might not hold true for every individual, but it holds true in aggregate.


By that logic economic value is only created by active work, and not by any of the thought process that goes into it. That's an asinine thought process.


Yes, value is created by work. The asinine thought process is to somehow suggest that a meaningful amount of economic output is intangibly created by not working. Economic output isn’t the end-all-be-all metric to use for life. But it’s a little crazy to suggest that you can move this particular metric by doing nothing in aggregate.


Economic value has no strong meaning. When you mow your lawn yourself, does this action have economic value? If so, why is it not measured? If not, why does it have if you hire someone to do the work for you? Likewise for some jobs that are quite country specific: do old people who need a job to survive have more economic value than old annuitant people who can take care of their grand-children? What about reading a book? What about then discussing about said book with others? What if that discussion makes some students better? What if you are a teacher? What if you are a benevolent? What about writing a novel that would have had tremendous economic value if published but keeping it to yourself? What if that novel is then published after your death?

Productivity has no strong meaning either. How do you measure it? GDP PPP / worker / hour? What if it actually depends on externalities like the amount of carbon released in the atmosphere? What is actually a worker (back at the what is "work" and "economic value" point)? What if it counts destroying then rebuilding things (as-is)? What if it counts absurdly high health expenses? What if it counts absurdly high health expenses coming in part because some people illegal pushed for addictive drugs to be way over-prescribed by corrupting physicians?


> I agree but I think you’ll find that working usually contributes economic value.

That's unimportant, though.


Yet Germany is the 4th largest economy in the entire world with a GDP of near 4 trillion US dollars, despite being a country of only 83 million people (only the 19th largest country in world). Perhaps the Germans have figured out how to work smarter, not harder...


OK, but the state of California is the fifth largest economy in the entire world ($3.4T USD) and has less than half the population of Germany.

Arguments like this are pointless.


U.S. productivity is higher than Germany (outputs / inputs), so it appears Germany hasn’t quite figured out how to worker smarter than people in the U.S.


Yeah, but how much of the value that this is based on is artificially inflated, either by outright bullshit such as HFT and other forms of "wealth" that are solely created out of numbers or to account for indirect bullshit such as absurd healthcare and rent costs that drive up wages and, indirectly, product prices?


  > artificially inflated
a huge chunk of that is excessive healthcare costs

https://www.statista.com/statistics/184968/us-health-expendi...


Yup. My back-of-envelope from past looks at this is that 5-10% of US GDP is purely drag from excess healthcare costs, i.e. we'd collectively be better off and our economy (entrepreneurship, especially) healthier if that amount of our GDP simply vanished, even though it would mean lower GDP per capita.

There's a quote from Obama in an article from The Nation years ago, that basically says we can't fix our healthcare system properly because it would put too many (white-collar make-work jobs program participants, essentially, under our current system) people out of work.


This may cut both ways with regards to innovation. For example, Europe as come way longer than the US when it comes to automation in various sectors (see f.x. the recent Economist article about inefficiencies in the US retail sector).

The main US advantage wrt to the last generation of tech giants (i.e. Google, Facebook and Amazon) is language. You will reach scale far faster in the US than in Europe because you do not have to translate your product to new languages and markets. Thus the US giants reached scale before similar European products could compete.


You’re conflating innovation with office work, while in reality it’s often - or mostly - the inverse: the work patterns typical for software industry hurt innovation, replacing it mindless repetition - see the vast majority of software startups.


>Europeans have [...] Six weeks of guaranteed vacation that people actually take.

That is false. EU mandates minimum 4 weeks of PTO across all members but varies wildly according to country, sector and company.

In most EU countries I've seen the average tends to hover around 5 weeks while 6 weeks or more is usually for very generous employers trying to attract top applicants in employee friendly countries.

I get you're attempting a jab at Americans by flashing large number of PTO, but let's be realistic that 6 weeks is not the norm in for all jobs in the whole of Europe.


You're not including bank holidays. The UK, for instance, has 20 days + 8-10 bank holidays. Italy has 20 + 10. Germany has 20 + 10. Denmark 25 + 11. France 25 + 11. Spain 22 + 14. Finland 25 + 11. I could go on...


> 4 weeks of PTO

There’s vacation and sick leave in most of EU. PTO is an acronym used in the US and the concept doesn’t apply in Europe.


Vacation days in Europe are still paid time off technically.


Paid time off in the US includes sick leave. It’s not useful to stick to acronyms which aren’t applicable n that specific context.


I didn't know the US has a monopoly on the term paid time off.


Surely you understand my overall point. The concept of PTO doesn’t apply because PTO in the US includes sick leave. Most European countries carve out that separately. The word is not used in Europe and exclusively an US import. Not only is the term not reflective of the situation, it’s ambiguous and an acronym that’s US specific. So better to use a word that isn’t. Europe has vacation and sick leave. That’s how it works. US citizens can adapt to local terms which are better for a specific context. It’s just that easy and better.


Six days PTO would still be a jab at Americans.


So we should all be learning Chinese by your logic?


> So we should all be learning Chinese by your logic?

I fail to see how admitting that certain countries have particular qualities that make them less competitive in a given industry and thus make it more economically feasible to use the solutions of other nations, means that they would become dependent on another culture/language.

I mean, exploring new languages and knowing a few polite phrases is generally a good idea, even if you don't find the idea of learning a new language fun/useful personally. That said, it's not like it's required either: people who shop on AliExpress don't need to know Chinese by any means.

Globalization (and thus getting out-competed in certain respects) is kind of inevitable nowadays, though admittedly it would be really cool to see European alternatives to AWS - I mean, Alibaba Cloud and Yandex Cloud seem to prove that it's at least somewhat feasible to explore something like that and companies like Hetzner and Scaleway seem to also prove that the infrastructure aspects are basically covered.

All that's missing is the platform around it, as well as all of the complexity and development that would come with setting out to make something like that.


We're not abandoning the idea, just the current project architecture. Reading more carefully, it's saying the architecture PaaS is currently built on is reaching the end of its days. It's natural to revise this after 7 years. Outcomes of the next round may be a new PaaS for government (and hopefully civil) deployments, with more flexibility around the cloud targets to allow hybrid on-prem, colo, and mixed cloud substrate. If anything that strengthens hybrid resilience against mono-cultures or foreign influence.


Um. You may want to tone this down a bit.

The current solution is Cloudfoundry.

On AWS.

They are simply doing what every other CF customer is doing - realizing that the platform they chose to run on is dead.

Last I looked, no one was holding a gun to any Europeans head saying "You must only use evil US software comrade!"

In fact, I think it's a European who is holding a gun to other Europeans heads at the moment.


[flagged]


> To be fair, Europe as a whole is 20-30 years behind on most fronts from the state of the art of information technology.

This is a gross, unjustified generalization. Sure, there's a lot of old crap around, but that's no different from other parts of the world; but there's also lots of new, modern stuff, with a huge diversity across the continent.

Just to give a common counterexample, the SEPA system allows me to trivially transmit money to anyone in the eurozone, for a considerable portion of them (including everyone in my country) in seconds, completely free of charge and involvement of any third party except my and their bank. Cash App, Venmo and comparable services basically don't exist in the EU, because the governments stimulated and mandated large scale interoperable digital infrastructure.


Agreed, there are so many areas where the US trails the rest of the world as far as technology is concerned. The Australian taxation system tech would probably be enough to make most US citizens cry for what they have to endure, and I'm not even sure it's the best one out there.

Paying on credit card in the US was painful compared to the experience in Australia a few years ago. Australia had tap-to-pay everywhere and so many places in the US were still requiring swipe and signature (I mean WTF).

I have found SEPA to be quite good. Australia has PayID as well which works well.

To cherry-pick, Estonia is leading the world when it comes to digital government. It has been an absolute pleasure to use their e-resident system to run a company. They're fostering a startup ecosystem that is punching well above it's weight[0]. From autonomous delivery robots[1] to Wise.

Government technology can often lag behind private sector technology, both from an inately conservative approach, but also because they have to care about things that often get ignored with private sector tech, like supporting everyone (e.g. robust accessibility).

But to say that Europe is 20-30 years behind is just not a realistic view of the world.

[0]: https://www.zdnet.com/article/estonia-has-just-1-3-million-p... [1]: https://estonia.ee/delivery-robots-created-by-estonian-engin...


Technology isn't the reason the US appears to lag in some cases - business and governmental policy decisions are behind everything you list, and plenty of people don't like it.

The truth is that 20-30 years ago Europe was lagging behind the US in some respects - credit card acceptance, computer usage in some businesses, etc. But obviously they're on par with the US today, and where they're ahead or behind the US the reason isn't access to technology, rather it's usually government policy.


It's quite nuanced, which of course the GP comment wasn't. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

Government policy and societal attitude are two parts of the reason. It's not really fair to compare US and Estonia really, One is managing 350(?) million people and the other 1.3 million. Even comparing Australia to Estonia though, the differences in behaviour from the government entities are remarkable.

Australia has a real "we're going to catch you" vibe to it's taxation and social services, where as, Estonia seems to really have an attitude of trying to build awesome things to make their citizens better off and to streamline things.

Governments and their relationship to technology, both as a provider and also as a regulator is a complex beast. As you say, so many of the problems are manifestations in the imperfections of our democracies. Regardless of which AU, EU, GB, US all have flaws that we have to live with and work to improve.


It’s not generalization, it’s mistaking what layman think of technology (websites and apps, 90% of which are useful only for extracting investors cash) with what actually is technology.


Where do you think those digital infrastructure are hosted?


OVH, Hetzner, Scaleway, etc? European clouds that don't gauge their customers.


I take this as a joke.


Well, where do you think those digial infrasture are hosted?


Increasingly on the big 3 American cloud I can tell you that.


SEPA is good but not that good. It normally takes two days for my money to arrive, longer over weekends and holidays. The UK Faster Payments system actually does work within seconds most of the time, but only within the UK.


I can transfer funds from my Finnish bank account to my German bank account and I get a push notification from the German one within seconds of submitting it. If your SEPA transfers aren't instant, it just means that one or both of the banks involved haven't just adapted it yet.

Banks might also have only implemented receiver or sending, but not both. My mom can receive my instant SEPA transfers, but she can't send me one back since her bank has only implemented the receiving part.


The SEPA Instant Credit Transfer scheme introduced in 2017 introduced 10-second transfers. Not all banks are participating yet, particularly in (south-)eastern Europe, but it's a fast growing share, and in my home country (the Netherlands) just about everyone does.


All of my SEPA transfers after 2017 took days and none of them involved banks in (south-)eastern Europe. But it's good to hear that things are improving.


What? In denmark, we have:

- Government issued MFA/SSO solution (nemid, now mitid)

- Online tax filing

- Drivers License/Health Card apps

- Secure communications platform (e-boks) for official messages

And thats just off the top of my head. The likelihood that the US catches up to this in any meaningful way is slim to none.


I wouldn't really show off nemid/mitid as a shining example for digitalization in Denmark. Mitid came out already with security issues[1].

I do agree that the 20-30 years behind is a gross overestimation, but acting like we're a shining example of modern IT is a stretch as well.

[1] https://www.version2.dk/artikel/eksperter-saar-tvivl-om-sikk...


Estonia beg to differ: https://e-estonia.com


I beg to differ on Estonia's behalf. Estonia is awesome. Happy e-resident and Estonian company owner.

Happy Wise customer, Happy Xolo customer. I love Bolt (when available).

Those are just the ones I can think of off the top of my head.


In Hungary, you can digitally sign documents using your ID card or your online account at the local equivalent of gov.uk. Certificates are signed and managed by the government. Quite handy for everyday contracts like an apartment renovation.


Can you renew your driving license online in the US?


Yes, although at least in Washington State you can only renew online every other time since they want you to come in and get a new picture taken every 12-16 years. Which isn't really unreasonable when you consider that's your main photo id.


Yes. Obviously depends on which US State you're talking about, however.


As a European, to me US online banking and payments look like Stone Age technology.


Sorry, but that's absolute crap.


Given that the US still appears to think that cheques are the height of technology and part of a trivially researchable SSN is proof of identity, I’m not convinced that any sector besides surveillance capitalism is behind.


What do you think all these new financial apps popping up left and right in Europe is doing with your purchase data?


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I realise I’m just replying to a troll’s cherry picked list at this point, but come on you’re not even trying.

All of those chips and fabs all rely on ASML? Those manufacturers you list literally couldn’t make the chips they make without an EU company being the backbone of their work.

You can’t think of global scale European applications. SAP, the worlds third largest software company by revenue? Representative of the EU’s tech sector, probably not, but it goes to show your either ignorant of the wider industry in the EU or being deceiving.

> Open banking and SEPA. Are these technologies? I think they were just regulations.

Turns out regulations can be a good thing? Our banking infrastructure ‘just works’, instantly, EU wide, with low fees and technology first.

> Wake up.

People get real holiday, great purchasing power (sure, not as high as a US tech worker, but pretty darn good), healthcare that doesn’t bankrupt them, proper mental health treatment so walking down a street isn’t a gamble, great affordable education, and the pleasure of not having a mass shooting multiple times a week. But yeah, the US has some big companies. Good for you bud.


Speaking of cherry-picking. Which European fab is ASML selling to? Being able to manufacture one machine for one stage of the process doesn't make an industry. Europe has some great niche companies, but has a real problem fostering an actual ecosystem.

Europe has sleep-walked into technological irrelevance since at least the early 2000s. In 10 years or so, all there's left in European tech that's competitive is going to be aviation, and agriculture and fashion if you count them as tech.

> People get real holiday, great purchasing power (sure, not as high as a US tech worker, but pretty darn good), healthcare that doesn’t bankrupt them, proper mental health treatment so walking down a street isn’t a gamble, great affordable education, and the pleasure of not having a mass shooting multiple times a week. But yeah, the US has some big companies. Good for you bud.

US tech workers have PTO, and Europe has mass shootings as well, and war and migrant crisis on the border. FANNG's profit is not just big, they are so massive, they dwarf many European countries' GDP.

The truth is hard to swallow, but if Europe doesn't recognize just how far behind you are, you are never going to catch up, or even better, produce some industrial leaders once in a while.


So, what you are trying to say is: "Please stop sending us your well educated and skilled people - we need to spend more money on our country and citizens, not absurd wages for tech"?

That's super kind of you, I think Europe could get back on its feet with that kind of leg up.


What I'm saying is, at this point, Europe has lost the competition on so many waves of technological disruptions, there's simply no hope. The only thing Europe can do to gain back some international negotiating power is to invest in the next wave. Unfortunately, we can pretty much declare Europe has lost on AI, and good luck with hydrogen-based energy.

The European brain drain to America simply will not stop until there's a complete ecosystem.


>The big cloud providers (AWS, Azure, GCP and others) have upped their game

So now UK citizens are going to be forced to use services from a country known for largely non-working legal system (where being provably innocent is not enough to call off execution, see Scalia; where a monetary fine is an adequate sentence for premeditated murder, see OG Simpson, not to mention de facto legal immunity for cops committing crimes on duty) and for droning random civilians with impunity (see Hague Invasion Act).


That's a feature. The UK can ask the US to request data to AWS about UK citizens without breaking any law about spying on UK citizens. Now they can filter all citizens that ticked "muslim" or "arab" in one of the many gov forms, cross reference with fb/twitter/insta for signs of extremism and flag them as suspicious individuals.


Large parts of GDS already run on AWS, and I think that may even have been the case for PaaS itself.


I know HMRC went all in on DynamoDB when I was working indirectly for them via a provider. This was in 2017.


No way they finally moved the NI db off of sybase?


Yes, GOV.UK PaaS runs atop AWS.


> OG Simpson

It's OJ, but thanks for giving me the perfect stage name for my 90s-pop-culture-themed hip-hop act.




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