No...

California has its own stricter emissions laws and car manufacturers build to California standards as a result.

Because the feds allows California - only California - to set stricter standards than the rest of the country. Several other states (5 last I checked but that was 10 years ago) require California standards for all cars in their state. They don't have the option of creating their own standard as the feds haven't given it to them.

California is also the worlds fifth largest economy.

MA already ignores the feds on weed and guns with no apparent ill affects. They could probably do it for cars too without much issue.