You can tell the difference between 144hz and 60hz, especially if user input is involved (eg: using mouse to look around). The resolution of human skill depends heavily on the exact scenario as the body is complex. Even with eyes you have high density in the center of vision, low density outside, and they have different light sensitivities which makes them hard hard to model. To further complicate matters is the brain that does further processing that can result in hyperacuity.

A good example of hyperacuity is in reading Vernier scales where you can see differences much below the angular resolution of the eye.